For the Cisco ASR 1001 Router, Cisco ASR 1001-X Router, ASR1001-HX Router, Cisco ASR 1002-X Router, and ASR1002-HX Router, the Cisco IOS Software redundancy requires 8-GB DRAM and the IOS software redundancy license. Ensure that the IP address and origin-IP in both session definitions are exactly the same. 0 Helpful. Enthusiast Options. Example: [0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config. Here's a link for the IOS-XE 16. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series SIP provides the physical termination for the SPAs and accepts up to four half-height and two full-height Cisco SPAs. 0 5. bin. com focuses on original new ICT equipment of Cisco, Huawei, HPE, Dell, Hikvision, Juniper, Fortinet,. It looks like out of the box the Cisco C8500L-8S4X has more 10G interfaces and they. ASR1001-X-PWRAC-RF. This feature is supported on all Cisco ASR 1000 platforms, Cisco ASR 1000 Series Route Processor 2 (RP2), and Cisco ASR 1000 Series Route Processor 3 (RP3). negotiation auto. N/A. Step 2: If the ROMMON image has not been copied onto the router, copy the PKG file that is made available as part of this ROMMON release onto the bootflash: or usb[0-1]: file system using the copy source-location destination-location command. 2 (33r)XND is performed. We see the following in the logs: *Oct 20 10:17:50. Release Notes for Cisco ASR 1000 Series, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16. On the ASR1K platform, the lsmpi_io pool has little free memory â generally less than 1000 bytes â which is [email protected] 固定式、asr 1002、asr 1002-x 和 asr 1004 路由器）和硬件冗余（cisco asr 1006 和 asr 1013 路由 器）功能 此外，Cisco ASR 1000 系列中引入的模块化 Cisco IOS XE 软件简化了运行中软件升级 (ISSU)。Products. plug you machine on the same vlan you created on Dell. (439. S. The Cisco ASR 1001-X Router supports all the general-purpose routing and security features of the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers. ASR 1001x Memory Fail Go to solution. ASR 1001-HX. Customers are encouraged to migrate from the older ASR 1001 and ASR 1002 to the next-generation ASR 1001-X and ASR 1002-X. These LEDs indicate router status at all times, but you must directly observe these LEDs to become aware of a router alarm condition. 5 mm) including card handles, cable-management. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Cisco ASR 1001-HX Router and Cisco ASR 1002-HX Router Hardware Installation Guide. It delivers superior resiliency with intelligent services and modularity to meet the long-term needs of both enterprise and service provider applications. 2 No. 05. IOS-XE is currently loaded in Bundle Mode. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series is supported by the Cisco IOS XE Software, a modular operating system with modular packaging, feature velocity, and powerful resiliency. ASR1000# show memory statistics. Hi Team, I have an "ASR1001-X" running "IOS XE Version 16. Modular, Enterprise branch, small. It's no guarantee that it will last longer than the 1001-x but it's definitely more likely. SIPs and Ethernet line cards. A. after upgrade 1001x:ASR 1001-X. An End-User License Agreement (EULA) will be displayed for each port if there is no permanent license present to support these ports. Cisco ASR 1004 Router. The ASR 1001 -X, ASR 1002 X, ASR 1001 HX, ASR 1002 HX, and ASR1004 have redundant instances of Cisco IOS XE Software. 05. SPA. All resolved bugs for this release are available in the Cisco Bug Search Tool through the Resolved Bug Search. The 8500 was built by Cisco for use in. As far as I know, there is no command that can tell precisely whether the SFP is a GLC-SX-MM or a GLC-LH-SM. The ASR 1001-X Aggregation Services Router is a highly scalable modular routing platform tailored for use in WAN edge and branch environments. 17. Cisco ASR 1001-X Crypto,6GE, Dual-PS with DNA Support. Cisco ASR 1001-X Router Hardware Installation Guide Cisco ASR 1001-X Router Supported Hardware Components This chapter contains information about the supported hardware. 00 Details . The power supply has a handle to be used for insertion and extraction. This is an intermittent issue and can cause failure of field programmable devices (FPD. Fast & Free shipping on many. Hard disk drive (HDD) The Cisco ASR 1000 Series RP1 and RP2 have a HDD for code storage, system configurations, and log files. switch#configure terminal. request platform software package expand file bootflash:asr1001x-universalk9. Also, the HX model has more TenGigabit Ethernet ports, which allows for a higher traffic throughput. I'm trying to bring another device up alongside it and I don't have a term server at the site. Ref to Cisco Documnetations: First, select a Cisco IOS XE Software consolidated package that supports the required features. hardware redundancy (on the Cisco ASR 1006 and ASR 1013 Routers) are provided. bin and asr1001x-universalk9_noli. 42, Height: 43. Cisco ASR 1006 Router Ethernet RJ-45 Port Pinouts. The Cisco ASR 1001-X built-in route processor supports either 8 GB or. This guide provides an overview and guidance for ordering and configuring the Cisco ® ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers with their respective hardware components, Cisco IOS ® XE Software, and feature licenses. It delivers superior resiliency with intelligent services and modularity to meet the long-term needs of both enterprise and service provider applications. EOL14624 - Amended. The routers contain both hardware and software redundancy in an industry-leading high-availability design. Cisco ASR 1001-X Router Front View. Instead use the command install add file bootflash:<file name> activate commit command to upgrade using a single image that combines all the separate packages therefore improving the boot time . The “New” price is the current price of the same product in a new condition on Amazon. 16. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Integrated ESP in Cisco ASR 1001-X Chassis Compatible Hardware Product Name Part Number Cisco ASR 1001-X Router Chassis (ESP integrated; upgradable from 2. ASR 1002-HX. 71 in. bin ,1;The output is very helpful. ASR1002X-DNA-PF . 109. The 8500L is an interesting box if come from the ASR1001-X platform. 03. このページでは、Cisco ASR 1000 シリーズ アグリゲーション サービス ルータのソフトウェア リリース 3. Caveat ID. 2. Cisco ASR 1001-X Router | ReviewWebsite - WS-C2960X-48 Link - 8 Port Jio LTE Gateway -. RW RoutersWholesale 19" Rack Mount Kit Compatible/Replacement for Cisco ASR 1001 Series ASR1001X-ACS / ASR1001-ACS= Visit the RW RoutersWholesale Store. We can read the full list of Transceiver Models and Minimum Software Release Required supported on Cisco ISR. Options. Looking at the process to upgrade an ASR 1001-x, currently 16. the document shows aThe Cisco ASR 1001-X Router displays the CRIT, MAJ, and MIN alarm indicator LEDs. I have tried the service unsupported-transceiver command but I suspect this is relegated to the Catalysts as it does not appear to have any effect. Hi, I've recently began upgrading the IOS on the company ASR 1001 devices and I've noticed the devices lose management unless I enter the following config prior to reload Line vty 0 4 Exec-timeout 5 0 Exec End Wr. Cost is somewhat of a factor but we are looking at the Cisco ASR1001x. The LEDs on both ends of the connection are green. 5-Gbps ESP (default) Upgradable through a software-activated feature license to 5, 10, or 20 Gbps: ESP bandwidth: 2. 255. Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software Arbitrary File Overwrite Vulnerability. 06. 60950-1-03 EN 60950-1 IEC 60950-1Options. The Cisco ASR 1002-X Router can be mounted into the rack using two recommended methods: Installing the chassis in an existing rack with equipment. For ESP data-plane throughput compatibilities by ASR platform, refer to Tables 1 through 8. So it keeps trying to load that when coming out of rommon>. With the powerful Flow Processor, Cisco IOS Firewall on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers can deliver from 2. Options. Cisco ASR 1001-X. S. 1. 3(1r) on any other platform, reverting to an earlier version of ROMmon is permitted and. Hello Everyone, I have a similar issue with my ASR1001-X. The Cisco ASR 1001 Router chassis includes inbuilt RP module, SIP module, SPA module 0/0, IDC modue 0/2, FP or ESP Module, and FanTray Module. Overview The Cisco ASR 1001 is support software redundancy, and it is based on a dual-core 2. This PDF document provides detailed information on the supported hardware components, slot numbering, and label locations of the router. Configure IPsec and GRE in the Same Tunnel Interface on XE SD-WAN 29-Mar-2023. However, network administrators can perform onsite monitoring if they so choose. The ASR 1006, ASR 1006-X, ASR 1009-X, and ASR 1013 have redundant route processors and ESPs. 1. 13. There are Cisco SFP GLC-LH-SMD. Head Total (b) Used (b) Free (b) Lowest (b) Largest. Cisco ASR 1001-X Router AC Power Supply Step 1 (Optional) Run the show platform command or the show rom-monitor slot command to see the current release number of ROMMON on the hardware. The three system alarm LEDs on the Cisco ASR 1001-X Router provide visual alarm notification in the router. 12. Also, if No password recovery was entered in to original config, how can we. 4 mVolts. 5. To show transceiver temp and light levels: #show hw-module interface g0/0/1. 2. So, I tried to launch it on ASR. The module must be supported with one hand because of its length. Customers are encouraged to migrate from the older ASR 1001 and ASR 1002 to the next-generation ASR 1001-X and ASR 1002-X. Cisco ASR 1001-HX Router; Cisco ASR 1001-X Router - End-of-Support Date: 31-Jul-2027; Cisco ASR 1002-HX Router; Cisco ASR 1002-X Router - End-of-Support Date: 31-Jul-2027; Cisco ASR 1004 Router; Cisco ASR 1006 Router; Cisco ASR 1006-X Router; Cisco ASR 1009-X Router; Cisco ASR 1013 Router - End-of-Support Date: 31-Oct-2026 The Cisco ASR 1001 and 1002-X built-in route processors support 4, 8, or 16 GB of SDRAM. x ) and I m trying to find the rights OIDs for monitoring CPU and other things related to my routers but without success ( Memory threshold, temperature. 03. Between ASR and Juniper has installed transponder. 3(1r), it cannot be downgraded to any earlier ROMMON version. The ASR series is used primarily by ISPs who need to know immediately if an interface is disconnected for any reason. 9. MGMT—One RJ-45 10/100/1000 management Ethernet port. It is ideal for WAN aggregation or Internet edge devices, or managed services. 6, the ISSU on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers will migrate to an install workflow that provides step. ASR 1001-HX. Mark as New; Bookmark; Subscribe;In Cisco IOS XE Release 3. The ASR Routers and Dell S4820T Switches are cross connecting for redundancy, and the 40GB QSFP+ ports 48 and 52 have been fanned out on both switches into 4 separate. SPAs provide the physical interfaces for router connectivity ranging from copper, Channelized, Packet over SONET/SDH (PoS), ATM, and Ethernet. While the ESP is built in, the license options and SPA slot on this device allows for a great deal of. The UI is a little different (read easier to use) than traditional IOS EPC. 35 Get Discount: 89: ASR1001X-ACS-RF. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Shared Port Adapter and SPA Interface Processor Support Data Sheet. Join An IT Community Designed to Foster Business Growth. Tried disabling 'negotiation auto'. no ip unreachables. For the Cisco ASR 1001 Router, Cisco ASR 1001-X Router, ASR1001-HX Router, Cisco ASR 1002-X Router, and ASR1002-HX Router, the Cisco IOS Software redundancy requires 8-GB DRAM and the IOS software redundancy license. The input receptacle is an IEC60320 C14 type of filtered AC inlet. 0 dBm. Cisco doesn't really document the entire upgrade process for ASR-1001Xs in one place. this the BOM i have: Part Number. ESP memory. Enterprise and service provider customers can. Dimensions (H x W x D) Height—1. negotiation auto. com. The ASR 1001-X, ASR 1002 X, ASR 1001 HX, ASR 1002 HX, and ASR1004 have redundant instances of Cisco IOS XE Software. To reload the router, issue the reset command, as shown in this example: rommon 3> reset. Higher number of secure connections with diverse VPN solutions (DMVPN, GETVPN, FlexVPN, and SSL VPN) Supports robust, more efficient next-generation encryption that offers strong ciphers and key entropy. $22. 2/2 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 560 bytes of memory. Ensure that the ERSPAN-ID is also the same. ASR-1001-HX (license for crypto ipsec) 0. 5 to 20 Gbps ESP memory Share the same control memory on route processor SIPs and Ethernet line cards Integrated in. SPA. Configure Traffic Redirection to SIG with Data Policy: Fallback to Routing 01-Nov-2022. SDRAM The Cisco ASR 1000 Series RP1 can support either 2 or 4. 03. 8S, support was added for the Cisco ASR 903 Router. The firmware that I have has been downloaded from here (asr1001x-universalk9. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers SIP and SPA Software Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16. Step 1 Insert an AC power supply in power supply Slot 0 or power supply Slot 1 until it is full seated. Cisco ASR 1000 Series RP1 IP BASE for Managed Services. Cisco ASR 1001-X ルータは過熱状態でも自動的にシャットダウンしません。 ルータは、周囲温度に関係なくアクティブな状態を維持します。 ルータが極度に高温の環境に長時間さらされる場合でも、ハードウェア障害が発生するまでは稼働し続けます。In cause of unfixed bugs in controller's firmware there is no ablility to launch DHCP server on controller. Not sure about an ASR 1001 but to make Cisco devices accept third-party SFP modules you can try: remove rejected module. The ASR 1001-HX has 4 built-in 10 GE ports, 8 1 GE ports, and 4 configurable 10 GE or 1 GE ports. Explore our database of over 20,000 parts & never miss a critical date again. S5-ext. EachportofNIM-8CE1T1-PRIsupportsonly15channelgroups. This router has included IOS as below: Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 16. 08-06-2012 10:15 AM. Purchase options and add-ons . Table 1 describes the end-of-life. 5-Gbps ESP (default) Upgradable through a software-activated feature license to 5, 10, or 20 Gbps ESP bandwidth 2. 02. So it keeps trying to load that when coming out of rommon>. If the troubleshoot commands reveal that the router is not impacted by the scenarios explained, proceed to the ASR1000 packet drop troubleshoot. 04a. In Cisco c ompatibility matrix this SFP are supported by ASR 1000 series but when i'm connecting one I've got following message in logs: *Oct 29 06:09:49. Sure. Grab an HX, that would be my recommendation right now. Download the datasheet of Cisco ASR1001-X Router. SPA. To do this upgrade, a hardware programmable package, asr1000-hw. SPA. As the ASR is a router this will be acheived by creating sub-interfaces on the port-channel: ! int po1. x that I performed in a Cisco ASR 1001-X router. i have a problem in configuring cisco asr 1001-x. x. Georg Pauwen. Therefore, this VRF does not participate in the MPLS VPN VRF or any other network-wide VRF. The Cisco ASR 1001-X Router supports all the general-purpose routing and security features of the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Fixed Ethernet Line Card Software Configuration Guide 03/Sep/2014. ROM:RSA Self. When performing software process upgrade for consolidated platforms (Cisco ASR 1001-X Router, Cisco ASR 1001-HX Router, Cisco ASR 1002-X Router, and Cisco ASR 1002-HX Router), you can defer the RP upgrade as the last step to a maintenance window to minimize disruption during normal operating hours. SPA. SPA. Doing some research this looks to be not the old way of uploading the bin, changing the boot var and performing a reload. 154-3. SPA. transport udp 2601. Stateful intrachassis redundancy Redundant hardware combined with modular software contains faults to prevent system wide failure. interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2. 168. x that I performed in a Cisco ASR 1001-X router. For the Cisco ASR 1001 Router, Cisco ASR 1001-X Router, ASR1001-HX Router, Cisco ASR 1002-X Router, and ASR1002-HX Router, the Cisco IOS Software redundancy requires 8-GB DRAM and the IOS software redundancy license. The problem is - we cant use it in our production environment because SPF+ module just randomly disconnects with error: We tested with multiple SFP+ and SFP modules at all ASR ports but random disconnects are still occuring. The Cisco ASR 1001 Router has the route processor, embedded services processor, and SIP integrated within the chassis with one half-height SPA slot. Weitere Informationen zu den Modellen und Spezifikationen finden Sie im Vergleich zum. Are you talking about SPA-8X1GE which has been called as EOS by cisco but anyway you can perfomr online removal of SIP but recommended is by graceful stop of. Customers with active service contracts will continue to receive support from the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) as shown in Table 1 of the EoL bulletin. The Catalyst 8000 solutions offer a far superior SD-WAN platform than the ISR routers that received customer complaints in the past. The ISSU-using-install-cmds-for-ASR1k feature introduces a new method of software upgrade process by using the install command for Dual RP and Dual IOS routers on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers. CSCuz55555 "On ASR1k,Traffic rate getting effected due to qos policy. Cisco DNA Subscriptions. 概要. Bias-Free Language. Consideration has been given to console port wiring and limitations of the cabling involved, according to TIA/EIA-232F. Cisco DNA Subscriptions for the ASR 1001-HX platform. Access ASR 1001. ip address 192. We have 3 Cisco ASR 1001-X manuals available for free PDF download: Hardware Installation Manual, Installation Manual, Common Criteria Operational User Guidance And Preparative Procedures. This section describes how to remove an AC power supply from the Cisco ASR 1001-X Router. Fast shipping to the world. x 17-Apr-2020ASR1001x full bgp and performance. No surprise there that a device accepts a command and does fuck all with it. Hi there, How are you going about configuring the VLANs and port-channels. Configure Layer 3 TLOC Extension 31-Mar-2023. Vendor Revision =. Cisco ASR1001-X Accessory Kit REMANUFACTURED. 3(1r) on any other platform, reverting to an earlier version of ROMmon is permitted and. 04. The UI is a little different (read easier to use) than traditional IOS EPC. Embedded Packet Capture support was added to IOS-XE version 3. 05 from Usb0: install add file usb0:asr1001x-universalk9. ASR device is crashing on adding interfaces to AVC through Webui. 05. Cisco ASR 1000 シリーズ アグリゲーション サービス ルータは、暗号化やトラフィック管理などのネットワークサービスと複数の WAN 接続を集約するソフトウェア定義型 WAN プラットフォームを提供し、 WAN 接続を通じて 2. ASR-9K (vrf route and mgmt) 2. The speed will be 100. Show command updates for SRTP Rollover Counter (ROC) —The output of the following commands is enhanced to display SRTP ROC information. 12. transponder is showing optical parameters, on the transponder has had link. The Cisco ASR 1001-X Router is a 1RU device that supports up to 20 Gbps of throughput and various network interface modules (NIMs) and service adapter modules (SPAs). The following are the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers: The Cisco ASR 1006 Router is a 12-SPA, 6-rack-unit (RU), hardware-redundant chassis with two Embedded Services Processor (ESP) slots, two Route Processor (RP) slots, and three SIP slots. 5- to 20-Gbps forwarding capacity. The power supply operates between –40 and –72 VDC. 3. acceptversion. X is already end-of-sale: End-of-Sale and End-of-Life Announcement for the Cisco IOS XE 16. 04a. I am trying to set up L2TPv3 on an ASR 1001X, the syntax to create this is not working on the ASR running image asr1001x-universalk9. Cisco announces the end-of-sale and end-of-life dates for the Cisco Select ASR. Out of Stock. Refer to the applicable Set the BOOT variable to the new image (in conf mode): boot system flash bootflash: asr1001x-universalk9. Solved! Go to Solution. The ASR-1001X has six gigabit Ethernet interfaces, so when replacing the 3945. "show inventory" shows the part ID of the SFP installed which can be used to find out the transceiver type. 08-06-2012 10:15 AM. Cisco ASR 1001 transceivers not working. The RJ-45 port supports IEEE 802. The 8300 Series is an upgrade to the 4400 Integrated Services Router (ISR), and the 8500 Series is an update to the 1001-HX and 1002-HX Aggregation Services Router (ASR). bin (notice the missing /) just want to know. Stateful intrachassis redundancy Redundant hardware combined with modular software contains faults to prevent system wide failure. 12. The size of kernel core file can be more than 100MByte. 08-05-2021 05:28 AM. 1 . You cant do the same trick with ISR but the ASR will. SPA. The power supply operates between –40 and –72 VDC. bin firmware. The information in this document was created. Comparison of Cisco ASR1001 and Cisco ASR1001-X based on specifications, reviews and ratings. 12. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Embedded Services Processors Data Sheet. Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers support In-Service Software Upgrades (ISSU) procedure to upgrade software. ASR1001-XASR1001-HXASR1002-HXIt is a 1 rack unit (1RU) service provider edge router that is designed to support layer 3 VPN (L3VPN) services. ASR 1001-HX. ip address X. Hope that help. 0. lic for Cisco router ASR 1001-X Configuration syntax, the command needed to install license Is there a detail guide for asr router. XXX, local AS number 000002. 03. com. I'm not sure off hand what the price difference is like, though. Hello, Just unpacked this new ASR1001x. NOTE: 17. The series is well suited for enterprises experiencing explosive network traffic and network service providers needing to deliver high-performance services. Release Notes for Cisco ASR 1000 Series, Cisco IOS XE Everest 16. S blinks the negotiated Ethernet speed (1 blink equals 10 Mbps, 2 blinks equals 100 Mbps, 3 blinks equals 1 000 Mbps). interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0. 6. $33,299. 16. ItisnotrequiredtoplacethepowerswitchintheStandbypositionifyouwanttohot-swapasinglepower supply. Visit the Amazon Renewed Store. The entire 16. 05. as all of you know Cisco use Smart Licensing in new IOSs on ASR1001x. But im adding a cisco ASR 1001-x to. Period left: 8 weeks 3 days. SPA. Part Number is M-ASR1001X-16GB. By default, the Cisco ASR 1001 Router is shipped with 4 GB of DRAM. 99 vrf Mgmt-intf. The last day to order the affected product(s) is May 11, 2022. 5-Gbps ESP (default) Upgradable through a software-activated feature license to 5, 10, or 20 Gbps. 00. (571. The CSR1000v's running on a C220 is a very good option. ASR 1002HX . Note. These routers ordered after 2021-02-28 will ship with ROMMON Version 17. Once the router is upgraded to ROM Monitor (ROMMON) Version 17. so i upgraded an asr with below command boot system flash bootflash:/asr. 807: %CRYPTO_ENGINE-5-KEY_ADDITION: A key namedHi Experts, I need some help with an ASR BDI configuration. Step 3 At the rear of the router, check that the power switch is in the Off (O) position. 05: You Save:In theory (excluding crypto stuff), you should obtain whatever PPS rate is needed to provide 2. Second, check whether this feature requires a software license. Cisco ASR 1001-X Crypto,6GE, Dual-PS with DNA Support. The Cisco ASR 1001 Router offers a compact. Ping fails on ASR 1001X when Cu SFP is replaced by Optical SFP. Edge Medium enterprise, managed service provider (MSP) 1 rack unit Integrated RP, ESP, 1 SPA Cisco SD-WAN; ISR 4221. ASR 1001X. Looking at the process to upgrade an ASR 1001-x, currently 16. The Cisco ASR 1001-X Router supports all the general-purpose routing and security features of the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers. 5 to 5 Gbps) on the Cisco ASR 1001 models. 3(1r) on any other platform, reverting to an earlier version of ROMmon is permitted and. Cisco ISR has a lower port density. File: Subject S1001Canadian Forces Sailing Assn, Company in Victoria, British Columbia, 1001 Maplebank Road, Victoria, BC V9A 4M2 – Hours of Operation & Customer Reviews. The Cisco ASR 1001 Router only supports one RP, so dual IOS processes run on the lone RP. 06-13-2019 12:06 AM. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Route Processor 3 is the newest addition to the. write the config. interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0. PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS OF CISCO ROUTER ASR 1000 Model Cisco ASR 1001-X Cisco ASR 1002-X Cisco ASR 1001-HX Cisco ASR 1002-HX Physical specifications Note: Depth applies to chassis edge-to-edge dimension and does not include protrusions such as card handles, power-supply handles, and cable management brackets.